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Amber

Amber is nature’s time capsule. This fossilized tree resin contains remnants of life on earth millions of years ago.

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Insect Inclusion

This 93.87-gram piece contains a perfectly preserved cricket. It’s from GIA’s collection.

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Free Form

Amber pieces with inclusions are typically polished as free-form cabs.

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Distinctive Luster

Amber is soft and displays resinous to vitreous polish luster.

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Alaskan Beauty

This 8x6x4 cm chunk of Alaskan rough weighs 118.3 grams.

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Trapped in Time

This piece contains numerous insect inclusions, including a mosquito.

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Inclusions Add Value

Pieces with interesting inclusions fetch higher prices than those without.

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Tools

Research

Figure 1. This clean piece of tumbled green amber from Ethiopia, measuring approximately 5.5–6.0 × 2.8–3.5 cm, displays flow structures and some inclusions. Photo by Cristiano Brigida; courtesy of Rainbow King Solomon Mines.
Green Amber from Ethiopia

Rare green amber from the Amhara region of Ethiopia was available at the Pueblo Gem & Mineral Show.

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A “sun spangle” created in amber as a result of rapid cooling. Photomicrograph by Aamir Sayed; field of view 1.5 mm.
“Sun Spangle” in Amber

Heat treatment leaves a stunning circular stress fracture in amber.

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Figure 1. A good-quality 88.25 ct “chameleon” amber with a red bodycolor displaying a vivid green fluorescence color that appears to float on the surface. Photo by Yan Li.
The Special Color Effect in “Chameleon” Amber

An examination of three Burmese chameleon amber specimens using 3D fluorescence spectroscopy.

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Figure 1. Left to right: Reconstructed root amber (assembled from small fragments and from powders), natural Burmese root amber, and plastic imitation. Photos by Yilei Feng.
Identification of Natural, Reconstructed, and Imitation Root Amber

Three types of root amber beads submitted for identification are analyzed in Wuhan, China.

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Dark brown “root amber” beads exhibit light yellow creamy swirls.
Pressed Amber Imitation for “Root Amber”

An examination of a beaded bracelet reveals calcite powder to enhance the imitation of natural root amber.

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Phu Quoc amber in matrix and an orangy red amber cabochon set in a ring.
Characteristics of Newly Discovered Amber from Phu Quoc, Vietnam

Offers the first detailed summary of amber from the Vietnamese island of Phu Quoc and a comparison with Baltic, Dominican, and Burmese material.

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Amber rosary beads clearly show epoxy resin.
Amber Filled with Epoxy Resin

Gulf countries experience an increase in epoxy resin filling in amber rosary beads.

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A variety of amber material showing effects of irradiation treatment.
Characteristics of Amber with Irradiation Treatment

A study of the effects of irradiation treatment on amber.

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Blue amber beads from the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Myanmar
Fluorescence Characteristics of Blue Amber from the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Myanmar

Presents a combination of observational and spectroscopic means to separate the three main geographic localities for blue amber, which shows very strong blue fluorescence under sunlight or D65 illumination.

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Amber varieties
Characteristics of Hydrothermally Treated Beeswax Amber

Reveals the process for hydrothermal enhancement of amber and the means of detection.

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