Research Article Search Results
Surfite: A Surfboard Manufacturing Byproduct
Crystal inclusions in a natural diamond resemble a unique scene.
World Events Carved in a Shell
Crystal inclusions in a natural diamond resemble a unique scene.
In Memoriam: Henry A. Hänni
Crystal inclusions in a natural diamond resemble a unique scene.
Heated Corundum, the Remarkable Winston Red, and an Extraordinary Renaissance Jewel
An overview of the Spring 2025 Gems & Gemology content.
In Memoriam: Glenn Lehrer (1953–2024)
The gemological community mourns the loss of the legendary gemstone cutter and carver, Glenn Lehrer.
In Memoriam: Alan Hodgkinson (1937–2024)
The life of renowned Scottish gemologist Alan Hodgkinson is remembered.
Analysis of Gemstones at GIA Laboratories
GIA’s laboratories use advanced instrumentation and research to deliver accurate grading, identification, and origin determination for natural and laboratory-grown diamonds, colored stones, and pearls.
Metrology at GIA
GIA ensures accurate gemological measurements across its global laboratories through rigorous metrology practices, including systematic instrument calibration, validation from traceable standards, and continuous monitoring by trained staff to maintain precision and consistency.
Applications of X-Ray Radiography and X-Ray Computed Microtomography in Gemology
X-ray imaging techniques revolutionized pearl testing by enabling gemologists to distinguish natural from cultured pearls through detailed visualization of their internal structures, evolving from film-based systems in the early 1900s to today’s sophisticated digital equipment.
Glowing Gems: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence of Diamonds, Colored Stones, and Pearls
Photoluminescence imaging, which analyzes how gemstones glow under ultraviolet light, is an important analytical tool for detecting impurities, natural versus synthetic gems, and treatments through the observation of fluorescence and phosphorescence patterns.
Chemical Analysis in the Gemological Laboratory: XRF and LA-ICP-MS
The primary chemical analysis methods applied in gemology are XRF, which uses X-ray emissions for nondestructive testing, and LA-ICP-MS, which provides detailed analysis and greater sensitivity. LA-ICP-MS has become essential for origin determination and treatment detection.
Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction: Phase Identification of Gem Minerals and Other Species
Raman spectroscopy and XRD techniques are used to identify gemstone species through their atomic-scale structures, with Raman spectroscopy analyzing inelastic light scattering from crystal lattice vibrations and XRD examining X-ray interference patterns from atomic layers.
