EDITORIAL STAFF
| Editor-in-Chief Duncan Pay | Editors, Gem News | Senior Technical Editor |
| Editorial Manager Brooke Goedert | Editors, Colored Stones Unearthed | Technical Editor |
| Editor Erica Zaidman | Editor, Diamond Reflections | Assistant Editor |
| Editors, Lab Notes Thomas M. Moses Shane F. McClure Sally Eaton-Magaña Artitaya Homkrajae | Contributing Editors | Customer Service |
| Editors, Micro-World Tyler Smith John I. Koivula Nathan Renfro | Editor-in-Chief Emerita |
PRODUCTION STAFF
| Supervisor, Multimedia Design Michael Creighton | Illustrator | Video Production |
| Photo Producer Emily Lane | Multimedia Designer |
EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD
| Ahmadjan Abduriyim Tokyo, Japan | George Harlow | Nathan Renfro |
| Timothy Adams San Diego, California | Richard W. Hughes | Sudarat Saeseaw |
| Philippe Belley St. John's, Canada | Jaroslav Hyršl | Karl Schmetzer |
| James E. Butler Washington, DC | Dorrit Jacob | Andy Shen |
| Alan T. Collins London, UK | A.J.A. (Bram) Janse | Guanghai Shi |
| Aurélien Delaunay Paris, France | Mary L. Johnson | Elisabeth Strack |
| Dona Dirlam Redwood Falls, Minnesota | Robert E. Kane | Nicholas Sturman |
| Sally Eaton-Magaña Carlsbad, California | Stefanos Karampelas | Tim Thomas |
| John L. Emmett Brush Prairie, Washington | Lore Kiefert | D. Brian Thompson |
| Emmanuel Fritsch Nantes, France | Simon Lawson | Fanus Viljoen |
| Eloïse Gaillou Paris, France | Ren Lu | Wuyi Wang |
| Al Gilbertson Carlsbad, California | Thomas M. Moses | Christopher M. Welbourn |
| Gaston Giuliani Nancy, France | Laura Otter | Chunhui Zhou |
| Lee A. Groat Vancouver, Canada | Aaron C. Palke | J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan |
| Yunbin Guan Pasadena, California | Ilene Reinitz |
|
ABOUT THE COVER
The cover displays examples of gems traded by a seventeenth-century Armenian merchant, the subject of this issue’s third feature article: Lithuanian amber, a lapis lazuli cabochon from Afghanistan, a 21.80 ct Iranian turquoise cabochon, an 11.16 ct blue sapphire from Madagascar, a 4.42 ct purplish pink spinel, a 2.06 ct Burmese ruby, a 2.53 ct Colombian emerald, three powder-blue pearls, and a 6.16 ct South African diamond octahedron. Photo by Michael Creighton; courtesy of GIA Museum. Turquoise gifted in memory of Iranian miners and their families.
Printing is by L+L Printers, Carlsbad, CA.
GIA World Headquarters
The Robert Mouawad Campus
5345 Armada Drive
Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA
© 2026 Gemological Institute of America
All rights reserved.
ISSN 0016-626X
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Copies of the current issue may be purchased for $35.95 plus shipping. Subscriptions are $95.99 for one year (4 issues) in the U.S. and $119.99 elsewhere. Canadian subscribers should add GST. Discounts are available for renewals, group subscriptions, GIA alumni, and current GIA students. To purchase print subscriptions, visit store.gia.edu or contact gandg@gia.edu. For institutional rates, contact Customer Service.
DATABASE COVERAGE
Gems & Gemology’ s impact factor is 2.6, according to the 2024 Journal Citation Reports by Clarivate Analytics (issued June 2025). G&G is abstracted in Thomson Reuters products (Current Contents: Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences and Science Citation Index—Expanded, including the Web of Knowledge) and other databases:
| Academic Search Complete (EBSCO) | ProQuest/Cambridge Scientific Abstracts/CSA Illumina | AESIS (Australian Earth Sciences Information System) |
| Current Contents | Referativnyi Zhurnal | Applied Science & Technology Full Text/Abstracts/Index |
| GeoArchive | Russian Academy of Sciences Bibliographies | Biography Index |
| Book Review Digest Plus | GeoRef | British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC) |
| TOC Premier (Table of Contents) | Chemical Abstracts | Web of Science |
| CISTI (Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information) | Mineralogical Abstracts | Wilson Omni File: Full Text Mega Edition |
| Computers & Applied Sciences Complete | PASCAL (INIST) | Wilson Omni File: Full Text Select |
MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION
Gems & Gemology, a peer-reviewed journal, welcomes the submission of articles on all aspects of the field. Please see the Author Guidelines at www.gia.edu/gems-gemology-author-guidelines or contact the editors (gandgeditorial@gia.edu). Letters on articles published in G&G are also welcome. Please note that Field Reports, Lab Notes, Gem News International, Micro-World, Colored Stones Unearthed, Diamond Reflections, Charts, and In the Spotlight are not peer-reviewed sections but do undergo technical and editorial review.
COPYRIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSIONS
Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons. Instructors are permitted to reproduce isolated articles and photographs/images owned by G&G for noncommercial classroom use without fee. Use of photographs/images under copyright by external parties is prohibited without the express permission of the photographer or owner of the image, as listed in the credits. For other copying, reprint, or republication permission, please contact the editors (gandgeditorial@gia.edu).
Gems & Gemology is published quarterly by the Gemological Institute of America, a nonprofit educational organization for the gem and jewelry industry.
Any opinions expressed in signed articles are understood to be opinions of the authors and not of the publisher.
EDITORIAL STAFF
| Editor-in-Chief Duncan Pay | Editors, Gem News | Senior Technical Editor |
| Editorial Manager Brooke Goedert | Editors, Colored Stones Unearthed | Technical Editor |
| Editor Erica Zaidman | Editor, Diamond Reflections | Assistant Editor |
| Editors, Lab Notes Thomas M. Moses Shane F. McClure Sally Eaton-Magaña Artitaya Homkrajae | Contributing Editors | Customer Service |
| Editors, Micro-World Tyler Smith John I. Koivula Nathan Renfro | Editor-in-Chief Emerita |
PRODUCTION STAFF
| Supervisor, Multimedia Design Michael Creighton | Illustrator | Video Production |
| Photo Producer Emily Lane | Multimedia Designer |
EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD
| Ahmadjan Abduriyim Tokyo, Japan | George Harlow | Nathan Renfro |
| Timothy Adams San Diego, California | Richard W. Hughes | Sudarat Saeseaw |
| Philippe Belley St. John's, Canada | Jaroslav Hyršl | Karl Schmetzer |
| James E. Butler Washington, DC | Dorrit Jacob | Andy Shen |
| Alan T. Collins London, UK | A.J.A. (Bram) Janse | Guanghai Shi |
| Aurélien Delaunay Paris, France | Mary L. Johnson | Elisabeth Strack |
| Dona Dirlam Redwood Falls, Minnesota | Robert E. Kane | Nicholas Sturman |
| Sally Eaton-Magaña Carlsbad, California | Stefanos Karampelas | Tim Thomas |
| John L. Emmett Brush Prairie, Washington | Lore Kiefert | D. Brian Thompson |
| Emmanuel Fritsch Nantes, France | Simon Lawson | Fanus Viljoen |
| Eloïse Gaillou Paris, France | Ren Lu | Wuyi Wang |
| Al Gilbertson Carlsbad, California | Thomas M. Moses | Christopher M. Welbourn |
| Gaston Giuliani Nancy, France | Laura Otter | Chunhui Zhou |
| Lee A. Groat Vancouver, Canada | Aaron C. Palke | J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan |
| Yunbin Guan Pasadena, California | Ilene Reinitz |
|
ABOUT THE COVER
The cover displays examples of gems traded by a seventeenth-century Armenian merchant, the subject of this issue’s third feature article: Lithuanian amber, a lapis lazuli cabochon from Afghanistan, a 21.80 ct Iranian turquoise cabochon, an 11.16 ct blue sapphire from Madagascar, a 4.42 ct purplish pink spinel, a 2.06 ct Burmese ruby, a 2.53 ct Colombian emerald, three powder-blue pearls, and a 6.16 ct South African diamond octahedron. Photo by Michael Creighton; courtesy of GIA Museum. Turquoise gifted in memory of Iranian miners and their families.
Printing is by L+L Printers, Carlsbad, CA.
GIA World Headquarters
The Robert Mouawad Campus
5345 Armada Drive
Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA
© 2026 Gemological Institute of America
All rights reserved.
ISSN 0016-626X
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Copies of the current issue may be purchased for $35.95 plus shipping. Subscriptions are $95.99 for one year (4 issues) in the U.S. and $119.99 elsewhere. Canadian subscribers should add GST. Discounts are available for renewals, group subscriptions, GIA alumni, and current GIA students. To purchase print subscriptions, visit store.gia.edu or contact gandg@gia.edu. For institutional rates, contact Customer Service.
DATABASE COVERAGE
Gems & Gemology’ s impact factor is 2.6, according to the 2024 Journal Citation Reports by Clarivate Analytics (issued June 2025). G&G is abstracted in Thomson Reuters products (Current Contents: Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences and Science Citation Index—Expanded, including the Web of Knowledge) and other databases:
| Academic Search Complete (EBSCO) | ProQuest/Cambridge Scientific Abstracts/CSA Illumina | AESIS (Australian Earth Sciences Information System) |
| Current Contents | Referativnyi Zhurnal | Applied Science & Technology Full Text/Abstracts/Index |
| GeoArchive | Russian Academy of Sciences Bibliographies | Biography Index |
| Book Review Digest Plus | GeoRef | British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC) |
| TOC Premier (Table of Contents) | Chemical Abstracts | Web of Science |
| CISTI (Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information) | Mineralogical Abstracts | Wilson Omni File: Full Text Mega Edition |
| Computers & Applied Sciences Complete | PASCAL (INIST) | Wilson Omni File: Full Text Select |
MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION
Gems & Gemology, a peer-reviewed journal, welcomes the submission of articles on all aspects of the field. Please see the Author Guidelines at www.gia.edu/gems-gemology-author-guidelines or contact the editors (gandgeditorial@gia.edu). Letters on articles published in G&G are also welcome. Please note that Field Reports, Lab Notes, Gem News International, Micro-World, Colored Stones Unearthed, Diamond Reflections, Charts, and In the Spotlight are not peer-reviewed sections but do undergo technical and editorial review.
COPYRIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSIONS
Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons. Instructors are permitted to reproduce isolated articles and photographs/images owned by G&G for noncommercial classroom use without fee. Use of photographs/images under copyright by external parties is prohibited without the express permission of the photographer or owner of the image, as listed in the credits. For other copying, reprint, or republication permission, please contact the editors (gandgeditorial@gia.edu).
Gems & Gemology is published quarterly by the Gemological Institute of America, a nonprofit educational organization for the gem and jewelry industry.
Any opinions expressed in signed articles are understood to be opinions of the authors and not of the publisher.
