Ethical Gem Fair
A transparent supply chain and the education of artisanal miners were two of the many topics discussed at Tucson’s first Ethical Gem Fair.

Saltwater Bead Cultured Pearl with Laminated Nucleus
Bismuth Glass-Filled Burmese Star Ruby
The Hong Kong laboratory recently examined a Burmese star ruby incorporating a significant amount of bismuth glass.
A Quantitative Description of the Causes of Color in Corundum
Presents a quantitative means of determining the causes of color in a gem material, using corundum’s six major chromophores as an illustration.
Atypical Bead Cultured Pinctada maxima Pearls Nucleated with Freshwater Non-Bead Cultured Pearls
GIA 图书馆十佳数字化文献
Color Classification and Stability of Queen Conch Pearls
Color stability experiments show that the color of Queen conch shell and pearls may shift in hue and/or saturation under X-ray radiation or short-wave UV radiation.
Geographic Origin Determination of Blue Sapphire (英语)
In some cases, the value of a sapphire depends strongly on its geographic origin. This article details the origin data GIA has collected for blue sapphire and describes its methodology for using the data in geographic origin determination.
Geographic Origin Determination of Ruby (英语)
The world ruby market has undergone dramatic change in recent years, especially with the development of ruby mining in Mozambique. This contribution outlines GIA’s methods and criteria for establishing the geographic origin of ruby.
The Geographic Origin Dilemma
An overview of the geographic origin complexities facing the gem and jewelry industry today.

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