几千年来，红宝石和蓝宝石（通常为蓝色，有时也有各种其他颜色）一直都是最重要的有色宝石。这些刚玉族矿物包含各种颜色类别，历史上原产于东南亚和中亚地区，如今由于它们珍贵稀有、色彩瑰丽、坚硬耐磨，已经成为备受追捧的宝石。由于有向分布的矿物内含物，刚玉可以呈现出星光和猫睛光，在不同的光源下观察时，有时还会变色。

This document provides the publication information for Gems & Gemology

This document provides the publication information for Gems & Gemology

This document provides the publication information for Gems & Gemology

This document provides the publication information for Gems & Gemology

This document provides the publication information for Gems & Gemology

This document provides the publication information for Gems & Gemology

GIA 第一位女性宝石学家及行业先锋。

古老的珠宝再次焕发光彩 — 至少在探寻 19、20 世纪具有历史意义的潮流珠宝风格时就是如此。

他是一位杰出的教育家，他传授美国宝石研究院的第一个海外课程，并后来担任研究院院长和 Governor for Life（终生管理者）。

作为一位艺术家和宝石学家，他的研究影响了行业对彩色钻石的理解。

报告从蒙特普埃兹区域莫桑比克使用“助熔剂伴随部分愈合” (FAPFH) 和玻璃裂缝填充 (GFF) 已加热至高温红宝石。

Somewhere in Brazil in the 1500s, a Spanish conquistador washed the dirt from a green tourmaline crystal and confused the vibrant gem with emerald. His confusion lived on until scientists recognized tourmaline as a distinct mineral species in the 1800s.

Learn about the factors that make kunzite so desirable.

Typically, turquoise is judged on three basic quality factors: color, texture and the presence or absence of matrix. Learn more about turquoise and what makes this gem so sought after!

Many people have heard of zircon but never seen it. This is mostly because of colorless zircon’s wide use as a diamond simulant in the early 1900s.

Jade has been cherished through the centuries. To the Chinese it is the

介绍了对产自美国、墨西哥和中国的淡黄色长石进行的热处理和铜漫射试验结果。

五十年来一直在位于 47 街的 GIA 纽约鉴定所担任副总裁兼总监。

Individual opals are as diverse as snowflakes or fingerprints and can vary widely in appearance and quality. Learn about the factors that make opals so desirable!