Fluorite inclusions in emeralds from various localities have been reported extensively in the literature.

Although opals generally contain water in their structure, fluid inclusions large enough to be resolved with the microscope are rare; those that can be seen with the unaided eye are exceedingly rare.

The appearance of curved banding under short-wave UV easily identifies flame-fusion synthetic sapphire.

A 7.54 ct natural emerald containing a 3D helical inclusion is examined by the Tokyo laboratory.

Topaz is an important gemstone that occurs in various colors.

A phantom sapphire crystal within a host sapphire crystal was recently examined at GIA’s Carlsbad laboratory.