FeatureGems & Gemology, Spring 1988, Vol. 24, No. 1

An Update on Color in Gems. Part 2: Colors Involving Multiple Atoms and Color Centers

Emmanuel Fritsch, George R. Rossman

This is the second part in a three-part series on the origin of color in gem materials. This article discusses colors produced by (1) processes that involve multiple atoms (e.g., blue sapphire, organic products), and (2) a variety of defect structures that are generally created by irradiation (natural or artificial), known collectively as "color centers" (e.g., green diamond).

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