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Micro-Features of Ruby
Inclusions in Natural, Synthetic and Treated Ruby

Provides a visual guide to the internal features of natural, synthetic and treated rubies.

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Flux-Induced Fingerprint Patterns in Synthetic Ruby: An Update

Some manufacturers are known to have treated Verneuil flame-fusion synthetic rubies by immersion in a flux melt to induce patterns like the “fingerprints” seen in some natural rubies.

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Rubies and Fancy Sapphires from Vietnam
Rubies and Fancy Sapphires from Vietnam

Gem-quality rubies and pink to purple sapphires are being recovered from the Luc Yen and Quy Chau mining regions of Vietnam.

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Heat Treating Corundum: The Bangkok Operation

An overview of the potential effects that heat treatment can have on corundum.

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Heat Treating Ruby and Sapphire: Technical Aspects

A review of heat treatment methods available for use on natural or synthetic corundum.

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Induced Fingerprints

This article reports the results of a series of experiments conducted to explain the phenomenon of induced fingerprints.

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Carbon Dioxide Fluid Inclusions as Proof of Natural-Coloured Corundum

An important clue in identifying natural-coloured corundum is the presence of carbon dioxide fluid inclusions.

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The Chanthaburi-Trat Gem Field, Thailand

Thailand has become the world's major source of gem ruby.

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Ruby in Diamond

The first substantiated identification of corundum (var. ruby) occurring as an inclusion in natural diamond is presented.

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New Synthetic Rubies Made by Professor P. O. Knischka

A new synthetic ruby is discussed.

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