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Rough diamond, yellow in color
Article
Diamond Research Gives Clues to the Formation of the Continents

Mineral inclusions trapped in diamonds reveal the continents’ construction – and help GIA researchers date diamonds.

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Three pieces of labradorite with yellow, blue and green flashes of color.
Article
Optical Effects of Phenomenal Cabochons

Learn how the structure, inclusions and properties of some gemstones interact with light to create unusual visual effects.

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Venetian mask cloud inclusion
Article
Diamonds Under the Scope

Peer through a microscope and discover another world of gems. Inclusions reveal the gem’s journey from deep within the earth to its surface.

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A face-up view of a cushion cut diamond with blue color.
Article
Gems & Gemology’s 7 Most Unusual Encounters from 2019

Check out some of the most interesting and unusual diamonds and coloured stones submitted to GIA’s laboratories in 2019.

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Multi-colored gems are superimposed on an image of glacier peaks.
Article
Gems and Minerals from the Sub-Arctic

Circumnavigate the boreal reaches of the globe to explore gems from polar regions.

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Fancy Dark brown to Fancy black Marange diamonds
Black Diamonds from Marange (Zimbabwe): A Result of Natural Irradiation and Graphite Inclusions

Characterises a suite of 40 natural brown to black diamonds from this deposit so that they can be distinguished from suspected treated black diamonds.

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Rough CLIPPIR diamonds
The Very Deep Origin of the World’s Biggest Diamonds

Explores an exceptional family of diamonds, referred to as “CLIPPIR” (Cullinan-like, Large, Inclusion-Poor, Pure, Irregular and Resorbed), that formed in a super-deep environment.

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Red heart-shaped pyrope inclusion in diamond.
Red Heart Inclusion in Diamond

Under magnification, a round brilliant diamond features a pyrope garnet inclusion in an aesthetically pleasing shape.

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Fancy brownish greenish yellow diamond with octahedral-shaped inclusion.
Graphite Inclusions Forming Octahedral Outline in Diamond

An inclusion outlined by minute graphite crystals within a diamond create an octahedral shape.

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23.16 carat pink diamond unearthed from the Williamson Mine in Tanzania. Image courtesy of Petra Diamonds.
Article
The Unexpected Origins of Big Diamonds

Dr Evan Smith, Ph.D., GIA research scientist, has dedicated his work to methodically characterising the inclusions found in rare diamonds. In this video presentation recorded at the 2017 JCK Las Vegas show, Smith shares his findings on the unexpected ori

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