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Figure 1. One of GIA’s new LA-ICP-MS corundum calibration standards sets (set number 1); the epoxy disk containing the set is 1.5 inches in diameter. NIST SRM 610 and 612 glass standards are included to account for trace and non-trace elements, such as those found in inclusions, that were not incorporated into the synthetic sapphire crystals grown for standards. Photo by Jennifer Stone-Sundberg.

Accurate Reporting of Key Trace Elements in Ruby and Sapphire Using Matrix-Matched Standards

Jennifer Stone-Sundberg, Timothy Thomas, Ziyin Sun, Yunbin Guan, Zachary Cole, Randy Equall, and John L. Emmett, January 26, 2018

Presents a group of corundum standards developed by GIA to improve the accuracy and efficiency of its laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) instruments.

A Preliminary Study on the Separation of Natural and Synthetic Emeralds Using Vibrational Spectroscopy

Le Thi-Thu Huong, Wolfgang Hofmeister, Tobias Häger, Stefanos Karampelas, and Nguyen Duc-Trung Kien, January 30, 2015

Reports preliminary findings—based on FTIR and Raman spectrometry of more than 300 samples—on distinguishing natural and synthetic emeralds using vibrational spectroscopy.

A New Method for Detecting Be Diffusion-Treated Sapphires: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Michael S. Krzemnicki, Henry A. Hänni,, December 1, 2004

This article describes the first application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to gemmology.

Tairus Hydrothermal Synthetic Sapphires Doped with Nickel and Chromium

Victor G. Thomas, Rudolf I. Mashkovtsev, September 1, 1997

Researchers from the Tairus joint venture have developed the technology for the hydrothermal growth of gem-quality crystals of synthetic sapphire.

The Identification of Blue Diffusion-Treated Sapphires

Robert E. Kane, Robert C. Kammerling, June 1, 1990

Blue diffusion-treated sapphires are becoming more prevalent than ever before.

Gemstone Durability: Design to Display

Deborah Dupont Martin, June 1, 1987

A treatise on the design, display, care and repair of fine gemstones.

The Elahera Gem Field in Central Sri Lanka

Mahinda Gunawardene and Mahinda S. Rupasinghe, June 1, 1986

The Elahera gem field currently provides approximately 35% of the gemstones exported from Sri Lanka.

The Sapphires of Mingxi, Fujian Province, China

Alice S. Keller and Peter C. Keller, March 1, 1986

Blue sapphires from China are similar to gem corundum from Australia, Thailand, and Kampuchea (Camodia).

Heat Treating Corundum: The Bangkok Operation

Jack S. D. Abraham, June 1, 1982

An overview of the potential effects that heat treatment can have on corundum.

Abstract Header from the 2009 issue of Gems & Gemology

Abstracts; Summer 2009

Brendan M. Laurs, Thomas W. Overton

This article, from the Summer 2009 issue of Gems & Gemmology, is a compilation of abstracts of important gemmology-related articles published outside of Gems & Gemmology.

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Gemstones

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