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Figure 1. One of GIA’s new LA-ICP-MS corundum calibration standards sets (set number 1); the epoxy disk containing the set is 1.5 inches in diameter. NIST SRM 610 and 612 glass standards are included to account for trace and non-trace elements, such as those found in inclusions, that were not incorporated into the synthetic sapphire crystals grown for standards. Photo by Jennifer Stone-Sundberg.
Accurate Reporting of Key Trace Elements in Ruby and Sapphire Using Matrix-Matched Standards

Presents a group of corundum standards developed by GIA to improve the accuracy and efficiency of its laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) instruments.

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Micro-Features of Ruby
Inclusions in Natural, Synthetic and Treated Ruby

Provides a visual guide to the internal features of natural, synthetic and treated rubies.

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A New Method for Detecting Be Diffusion-Treated Sapphires: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

This article describes the first application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to gemmology.

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Hydrothermal Synthetic Red Beryl from the Institute of Crystallography, Moscow

Hydrothermal synthetic red beryl has been produced for jewellery applications.

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Some Diagnostic Features of Russian Hydrothermal Synthetic Rubies and Sapphires

Most Russian hydrothermal synthetic rubies and pink, orange, green, blue and violet sapphires—coloured by chromium and/or nickel—reveal diagnostic zigzag or mosaic-like growth structures associated with colour zoning.

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Separating Natural and Synthetic Rubies on the Basis of Trace-Element Chemistry

Natural and synthetic gem rubies can be separated on the basis of their trace-element chemistry.

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Trapiche Rubies

Ruby crystals from Southeast Asia with a fixed six-rayed star, similar in effect to trapiche emeralds from Colombia, are described.

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New Rubies from the Morogoro Area, Tanzania
New Rubies from the Morogoro Area, Tanzania

The authors present the mineralogical and gemmological properties of rubies found recently in the Morogoro area of Tanzania that have many features in common with rubies from Myanmar (Burma) and other comparable marble-type deposits.

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Rubies and Fancy Sapphires from Vietnam
Rubies and Fancy Sapphires from Vietnam

Gem-quality rubies and pink to purple sapphires are being recovered from the Luc Yen and Quy Chau mining regions of Vietnam.

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Carbon Dioxide Fluid Inclusions as Proof of Natural-Coloured Corundum

An important clue in identifying natural-coloured corundum is the presence of carbon dioxide fluid inclusions.

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