Confirmed Oral and Poster Presentations
2006 GIA Gemological Research Conference
August 26-27, 2006
Manchester Grand Hyatt Hotel
San Diego, California

Abstracts of the following presentations have been submitted and approved for the 2006 GIA Gemological Research Conference, and the presenters have registered to attend the conference. Additional presentations will be added in the future as additional abstracts are approved and the presenters register for the conference.Note: Author names are underlined in cases where the presenter will not be the first author.

Geology of Gem Deposits

The Importance of Surface Features and Adhering Material in Deciphering the Geologic History of Alluvial Sapphires – An Example from Western Montana
Richard B. Berg and Christopher F. Cooney

Emerald Mineralization in Northwestern Ontario, Canada
Allison A. Brand, Lee A. Groat, Mary I. Garland, and Robert Linnen

Garnet Inclusions in Yogo Sapphires
Andrea Cade and Lee Groat

Mining of Pegmatite-Related Primary Gem Deposits
Jim Clanin

Geology and Mining of Southern Tanzanian Alluvial Gem Deposits
Jim Clanin

Geologic Origin of Opals Deduced from Geochemistry
Eloïse Gaillou, Aurélien Delaunay, Emmanuel Fritsch, and Martine Bouhnik-le-Coz

Mineral Assemblages and the Origin of Ruby in the Mogok Stone Tract, Myanmar
George E. Harlow, Ayla Pamukcu, Saw Naung U, and U Kyaw Thu

Diamond Occurrence and Evolution in the Mantle
Jeff Harris (INVITED SPEAKER)

Major Diamond Mines of the World: Tectonic Location, Production, and Value
A.J.A. (Bram) Janse

A Fluid Inclusion Study of the Syenite-Hosted “True Blue” Aquamarine Occurrence, Yukon Territory, Canada
Robert L. Linnen, David Turner, and Lee A. Groat

Geochemical Cycles of Gem-Forming Elements: What It Takes to Make Tourmaline, Beryl, Topaz, Spodumene, and other Pegmatitic Gems
David London (INVITED SPEAKER)

The Miarolitic Stage in Granitic Pegmatites: How Mother Nature Makes Big, Clear Crystals
David London

Geology of Placer Gem Deposits
James M. Prudden

Three Parageneses of Ruby and Pink Sapphire Discovered at Fiskenaesset, Greenland
William Rohtert and Meghan Ritchie

Some Open Questions on Diamond Morphology
Benjamin Rondeau and Emmanuel Fritsch

Controls on Mineralization in Block D’ of the Merelani Tanzanite Deposit, Tanzania
Reyno Scheepers

Geology of Gem Deposits Associated with the Lelatema Antiform, Northeastern Tanzania
Reyno Scheepers

Pegmatite Genesis – Complex or Simple Emplacement? Revisiting Southern California Pegmatites
Lawrence W. Snee, Eugene E. Foord, Douglas M. Morton, Gary P. Landis, Robert O. Rye, and J. Blue Sheppard

The Gel Model for the Formation of Gem-Bearing Pockets within Granitic Pegmatites, and Implications for Gem Synthesis
Matthew C. Taylor

The Geology of True “Hiddenite” Deposits
Michael A. Wise

The Sandawana Model of Emerald Formation
J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan

Gem Characterization Techniques

Applications of LA-ICP-MS (Laser Ablation–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry) to the Gemological Field
Ahmadjan Abduriyim and Hiroshi Kitawaki

High-Energy Ultraviolet Luminescence Imaging: Applications for Diamond and Colored Stone Identification
Christopher M. Breeding, Wuyi Wang, Andy H. Shen, Shane F. McClure, James E. Shigley, and Dino DeGhionno

The Gemstones of the Shrine of the Three Magi (ca. 1200 AD) in Cologne Cathedral, Germany
Manfred Burianek

Defects in Single-Crystal CVD Synthetic Diamond Studied by Optical Spectroscopy with the Application of Uniaxial Stress
David Charles, Alan T. Collins, and Philip Martineau

Overview of Dislocation Networks in Natural Type IIa Diamonds
Katrien De Corte, Ans Anthonis, Jef Van Royen, Maxime Blanchaert, Julien Barjon, and Bert Willems

Imaging Spectroscopy: A Developing Frontier for Gem Analysis
Nicholas Del Re

The Present and Future Potential of Raman Spectroscopy in the Characterization of Gems and Minerals
M. Bonner Denton and Robert T. Downs

Report on the Progress of the RRUFF Project: An Integrated Database of Raman Spectra, X-ray Diffraction, and Chemical Data for Minerals
Robert T. Downs and M. Bonner Denton

Luminescence and Reflected-Infrared and Reflected-Ultraviolet Digital Photography: Gemological Applications
Shane Elen and Sheryl Elen

A Forecast of Important Techniques in the Coming Decade
Emmanuel Fritsch (INVITED SPEAKER)

Magnetic Separation of Gemstones
Sylvia M. Gumpesberger

A Variation on the Crossed Filters Approach Using Pocket LED Light Sources
Sylvia M. Gumpesberger

Natural “CO₂-rich” Colored Diamonds
Thomas Hainschwang, Franck Notari, Emmanuel Fritsch, Laurent Massi, Mike Breeding, and Benjamin Rondeau

Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy to Identify Types of Natural Diamond
Hisao Kanda

Identification of Pigments in Freshwater Cultured Pearls with Raman Scattering
Stefanos Karampelas, Emmanuel Fritsch, Spyros Sklavounos, and Triantafyllos Soldatos

Autoradiographic Investigations of Impurity Distributions in Diamond
Delara S. Khamrayeva and Julia P. Solodova

Monochromatic X-Ray Topographic Characterization of Pezzottaite with Synchrotron Radiation
Shang-i Liu, Ming-sheng Peng, and Yu-fei Meng

Automating the Infrared and Raman Spectral Analysis of Gemstones
Steve Lowry and Jerry Workman

The identification of Gemstones by Photoluminescence: Synthetic and Natural Mg-Al Spinels
Leonardo Maini, David Ajò, and Sylvana Ehrman

Fingerprinting Gem Beryl Samples Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Portable X-ray Fluorescence (PXRF)
Nancy J. McMillan, Catherine E. McManus, Tori L. Gomez, Russell S. Harmon, Frank C. De Lucia Jr.,  and Andrzej W. Miziolek

X-ray Diffraction Using Area Detectors for Mineral and Gem Characterization
Jeffrey E. Post

Characterization of Nanofeatures in Gem Materials
George R. Rossman (INVITED SPEAKER)

Color Grading of Color-Enhanced Natural Diamonds: A Case Study of Imperial Red Diamonds
Sergei Smirnov, Sergei Ananyev, Victoria Kalinina, Victor Vins and Alex Grizenko

Infrared Spectrum of Corundum
Christopher P. Smith

Study of the Biaxial Gemstones on the Refractometer
Darko B. Sturman

Investigation of Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Topography of the Crystal Structure Defects of Different Kinds of Color Diamonds
Joe C.C. Yuan, Ming-sheng Peng, and Yu-fei Meng

New Gem Localities

“Bahia Gold”—Golden Rutilated Quartz, Serra da Mangabeira, Novo Horizonte, Bahia, Brazil
Brian Cook

Corundum Occurrences in New Zealand and New South Wales, Australia
Lore Kiefert, Michael S. Krzemnicki, Garry Du Toit, Riccardo Befi, and Karl Schmetzer

Gemological Properties of Colorless Hyalophane from Busovaca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Goran Kniewald and Vladimir Bermanec

Ultraviolet Mineral Prospecting for Sapphire on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada
Luc Lepage and William Rohtert

Chromium Chalcedony from Turkey and Its Possible Archaeological Connections
Cigdem Lule-Whipp

India—Old Sources and New Finds
H.M. Sultan Mohideen

New Gem Localities in Madagascar
Federico Pezzotta (INVITED SPEAKER)

Gemological Investigation on Multicolored Tourmalines from New Localities in Madagascar
Margherita Superchi, Federico Pezzotta , and Elena Gambini

In-situ Corundum Localities in Sri Lanka: New Occurrences
Saman Tennakoon, Mahinda Rupasinghe, and Chandra B. Dissanayake

Afghanistan Gem Deposits: Studying Newly Reopened Classics and Looking for New Deposits
Lawrence W. Snee (INVITED SPEAKER)

The New Komsomolskaya Mine in Yakutia, Russia: Unique Features of its Diamonds
Nikolai V. Sobolev

Laboratory Growth of Gem Materials

Optical Characterization of CVD Synthetic Diamond Plates Grown at LIMHP-CNRS, France
Ans Anthonis, Olivier De Gryse, Katrien De Corte, Filip De Weerdt, Alexandre Tallaire, and Jocelyn Achard

New Data for Distinguishing between Hydrothermal Synthetic, Flux Synthetic, and Natural Corundum
Alexei S. Bidny, Olga S. Dolgova, Ivan A. Baksheev, and Irina A. Ekimenkova

Growth of CVD Synthetic Diamond
James E. Butler (INVITED SPEAKER)

Study of Blue, Pink and Near-Colorless HPHT Synthetic Diamonds from Advanced Optical Technology Co. (AOTC), Canada
Branko Deljanin, Dusan Simic, and Alexander M. Zaitsev

A Refined Infrared-Based Criterion for Successfully Separating Natural from Synthetic Amethyst
Stefanos Karampelas, Emanuel Fritsch, Triantafyllia Zorba, Konstantinos M. Paraskevopoulos, and Spyros Sklavounos

Identifications Problems and Solutions for Small (0.01– 0.03 ct) Fancy-color Synthetic Diamonds Set in Jewelry
Dusan Simic and Branko Deljanin

Growth, Morphology, and Perfection of Single Crystals: Basic Concepts in Discriminating Natural from Synthetic Gemstones
Ichiro Sunagawa (INVITED SPEAKER)

General Gemology

Amethyst Mining in Zambia
Bjorn Anckar

Ruby-Sapphire Quality Grading for the Gem Trade
Wilawan Atichat, Pongchan Chandayot, Visut Pisutha-Arnond, Pornsawat Wathanakul, Sakda Siripant, Sakrapee Saejoo, Chotima Kunwisutpan, Boontawee Sriprasert, and Chakkaphant Sutthirat

Color Quantification: A Spectrographic Imaging Approach
Donna Beaton

Coated Topaz
Riccardo Befi, Lore Kiefert, and Min Htut

Rare Reverse Color Change in a Blue Zircon from Myanmar (Burma)
George Bosshart and Walter A. Balmer

Characterization of Sapphires from Yogo, Montana
Andrea Cade, Branko Deljanin, Lee Groat and Marina Epelboym

Statistical Study of the Performance and Predictive Value of Color Measurement Instruments for Cape-Colored Rough Diamonds
Tom Ceulemans and Eva Van Looveren

Software for Gemstone Grading and Appraisal Valuation
Richard B. Drucker

Social, Political, Economic, and Gemological Impacts on Pricing Trends
Richard B. Drucker

Demantoid Garnet from Iran
Garry Du Toit, Wendi Mayerson, Carolyn van der Bogert, Makhmout Douman, Riccardo Befi, John I. Koivula, and Lore Kiefert

Fluorescence of Fancy-Color Natural Diamonds
Sally Eaton-Magana, Jeffrey E. Post, Ron A. Walters, Peter J. Heaney, and James E. Butler

Luminescence of the Hope and Other Blue Diamonds
Sally Eaton-Magana, Jeffrey E. Post, Jaime A. Freitas Jr., Paul B. Klein, Ron A. Walters, Peter J. Heaney, and James E. Butler

The Bragança Diamond Discovered?
Rui Galopim de Carvalho

The Evolution of the American Round Brilliant Diamond (American Cut), 1860-1955
Al Gilbertson

The Role of Brillianteering Variations in the GIA Cut Grading System
Al Gilbertson, Ronnie Geurts, and Ilene Reinitz

Funding for Gemological Research: Ideas and Case Studies
Lee A. Groat

A Close Look at Gemstone Color Grading: Definition of the Key Color
Yulia Grozman

Integrating the Diamond Project Development Process
Karin O. Hoal

Melo Pearls from Myanmar
Han Htun, Bill Larson and Jo Ellen Cole

Genetic Classification of Mineral Inclusions in Quartz
Jaroslav Hyrsl

Global Rough Diamond Production from 1870 to 2005
A.J.A. (Bram) Janse

The Hkamti Jadeite Mines Area, Sagaing Division, Myanmar (Burma)
Robert E. Kane and George E. Harlow

Three-dimensional (3D) Solid Modeling in Applied Diamond Crystallography
Courtenay Keenan and Mike Botha

Quantifiable Cut Grade System within an Educational Setting
Courtenay Keenan and Mike Botha

Some dissolution features observed in natural diamonds
Taijin Lu, Mary L. Johnson, and James E. Shigley

Chameleon Diamonds: A Proposed Model to Explain Thermochromic and Photochromic Behaviors
Laurent Massi, Emmanuel Fritsch, George R. Rossman, Thomas Hainschwang, Stéphane Jobic, and Rémy Dessapt

Source Type Classification of Gem Corundum
Shane McClure (INVITED SPEAKER)

Socioeconomic Aspects of Small-Scale Gem Mining in East Africa
H. Claire Scheepers and Reyno Scheepers

Color Communication: The Analysis of Color in Gem Materials
Menahem Sevdermish (INVITED SPEAKER)

Identification of Dyed Chrysocolla Chalcedony
Andy Shen, Eric Fritz, Dino DeGhionno, and Shane McClure

Sapphires from Ban Huai Sai, Laos
Sutas Singbamroong, Abdalla Abdelqadir Yousif, and Theerapongs Thanasuthipitak

Fancy Color Diamonds: Better Color Appearance by Optimizing Cut
Sergey Sivovolenko and Yuri Shelementiev

Study of Interdependence: Fancy-color Diamond Appearance, Cut, and Lighting Conditions
Sergey Sivovolenko and Yuri Shelementiev

Comparative Investigation of Diamonds from Various Pipes in the Malaya-Botuobiya and Daldyn-Alakit Areas (Siberia)
Julia P. Solodova, Elena F. Sedova, Georgiy G. Samosorov, and Konstantin K. Kurbatov

European Freshwater Pearls: Origin, Distribution, and Characteristics
Elisabeth Strack

The “Keshi” Pearl Issue
Nick Sturman and Ali Al-Attawi

A System to Describe the Face-up Color Appearance of White and Off-white Polished Diamonds
Thomas E. Tashey Jr. and Myriam C. Tashey

Digital Color Communication for Gemstones with an Exploration of Applications within Our Industry
Thom Underwood and Menahem Sevdermish

Developing Corundum Standards for LA-ICP-MS Trace-Element Analysis
Wuyi Wang, Matt Hall, Andy Shen, and Christopher Breeding

The Challenges of Photographing Phenomenal Gemstones
Robert Weldon

Diamond and Corundum Treatments

Identification of Heat-Treated Corundum
Hiroshi Kitawaki, Ahmadjan Abduriyim, and Makoto Okano

Treated Diamond: A Physicist’s Perspective
Mark E. Newton (INVITED SPEAKER)

Role of Beryllium in the Coloration of Fe- and Cr-doped Synthetic Corundum
Visut Pisutha-Arnond, Tobias Häger, Pornsawat Wathanakul, Wilawan Atichat, Jitrin Nattachai, Tin Tin Win,  Chakkaphant Sutthirat, and Boontawee Sriprasert

High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) Diamond Processing: What is this Technology and How Does it Affect Color?
Sonny Pope

The Treatment of Ruby and Sapphire over the Last Four Decades, with Implications for Gem Identification and the Integrity of the Product
Kenneth Scarratt (INVITED SPEAKER)

Indications of Heating in Corundum from Experimental Results
Chakkaphan Sutthirat, Krittaya Pattamalai, Somruedee Sakkaravej, Sureeporn Pumpeng, Visut Pisutha-Arnond, Pornsawat Wathanakul, Wilawan Atichat, and Boontawee Sriprasert

HPHT Treatment of Brown Type IaB Diamonds
Jef Van Royen, Filip De Weerdt, and Olivier De Gryse

Natural Diamond Enhancement from the Point of View of the Transformationof Intrinsic and Impurity Defects in the Diamond Lattice
Victor G. Vins, Alexander P. Yeliseyev, Sergei V. Chigrin and Alex G. Grizenko

Beryllium-Assisted Heat Treatment Experiments on Blue Sapphires
Pornsawat Wathanakul, Tobias Häger, Wilawan Atichat, Visut Pisutha-Arnond, Tintin Win, Pantaree Lomthong, Boontawee Sriprasert, and Chakkaphan Sutthirat