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Winter 2001, Volume 37, Issue 4


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Featured Gem News International Item: Update on Amethyst, Citrine, and Ametrine from the Anahí mine, Bolivia.


  2001 mine

Since the publication of "The Anahí ametrine mine, Bolivia" by P. M. Vasconcelos et al. (Spring 1994 G&G, pp. 4–23), there have been some significant changes in the processing and marketing of gem material from this mine. The following update was provided by Ramiro Rivero, owner of Minerales y Metales del Oriente S.R.L. (Santa Cruz, Bolivia), which has mined the deposit since 1990.

The company currently employs a full-time team of three mining engineers and geologists, as well as more than 120 miners. Exploration is conducted simultaneously with mining to help assure a steady supply of material in the future. They are now exploiting seven areas within the Anahí mining concession (see photo, courtesy of Ramiro Rivero), in search of cavities that are lined with the amethyst-citrine crystals. The miners extract about 30–40 tonnes of amethyst, citrine, and ametrine (bicolored amethyst-citrine) every month, which is processed at the company’s facility in the city of Santa Cruz. The processing plant employs approximately 60 workers, who are involved in washing, cobbing, sawing, and pre-forming the rough. Calibrated pre-forms are sent to Hong Kong for faceting—together with examples of finished gemstones with the desired proportions and facet designs—and the polished gems are then returned to Santa Cruz for sorting and quality control before distribution to the international market.

To avoid problems created by the widespread practice of mixing synthetic quartz into parcels of amethyst, citrine, and ametrine, the company sells about 80% of their gemstones directly to overseas jewelry manufacturers. Sales of rough material to selected high-end designers and cutters will continue at the Tucson gem show. The company aims to maintain the combined production of faceted material (sold directly and cut from rough) at 3 million carats per year, as they have since 1998. The proportion of each gem variety produced is adjusted according to market requirements; today it is approximately 40% amethyst, 20% citrine, 20% ametrine, and 20% "anahite" (pale amethyst with no brown overtones). Every year, about 100 tonnes of nonfacetable material is sold to manufacturers of spheres, cabochons, and beads in Brazil and Hong Kong. The company also sells about 10 tonnes of mineral specimens annually.

Research and development on gem cutting and jewelry manufacturing is ongoing. The company is investigating the logistics of developing large-scale lapidary capabilities in Santa Cruz, and they are test marketing silver jewelry that is being manufactured in Bangkok.

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